geir in Middle Welsh

IPA: /ɡei̯r/ Forms: geireu [alternative] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairid (“to call”). Etymology templates: {{root|wlm|ine-pro|*ǵeh₂r-}}, {{der|wlm|cel-bry-pro|*gėr}} Proto-Brythonic *gėr, {{der|wlm|cel-pro|*garyos|t=word, speech}} Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), {{der|wlm|ine-pro|*ǵeh₂r-|t=to shout, call}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”), {{cog|sga|gairid|t=to call}} Old Irish gairid (“to call”)

Preposition

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "gair"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵeh₂r-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*gėr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gėr",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*garyos",
        "t": "word, speech"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵeh₂r-",
        "t": "to shout, call"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gairid",
        "t": "to call"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gairid (“to call”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairid (“to call”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "geireu",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "un geir"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:geir."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "word, saying"
      ],
      "id": "en-geir-wlm-noun-kWVR1YAJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "saying",
          "saying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡei̯r/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "geir"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "by",
          "word": "gyr"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of gyr (“by”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-geir-wlm-prep-lvvoJ0nf",
      "links": [
        [
          "gyr",
          "gyr#Middle_Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "geir"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Welsh lemmas",
    "Middle Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Middle Welsh nouns",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵeh₂r-",
    "Middle Welsh variant lemmas",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "un geir"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "lang_code": "cy",
      "word": "gair"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵeh₂r-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*gėr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *gėr",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*garyos",
        "t": "word, speech"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵeh₂r-",
        "t": "to shout, call"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "gairid",
        "t": "to call"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish gairid (“to call”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Old Irish gairid (“to call”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "geireu",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:geir."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "word, saying"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "saying",
          "saying"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡei̯r/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "geir"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle Welsh variant lemmas",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inflection-table-top",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "eir",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "soft"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle Welsh",
  "lang_code": "wlm",
  "pos": "prep",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "by",
          "word": "gyr"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of gyr (“by”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gyr",
          "gyr#Middle_Welsh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "geir"
}

[Show JSON error data ▼] [Hide JSON error data ▲]

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: geir/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
  "path": [
    "geir"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "geir",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: geir/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
  "path": [
    "geir"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "geir",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/865",
  "msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: geir/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'soft', 'error-unrecognized-form'}",
  "path": [
    "geir"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "geir",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/1896",
  "msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, geir/Middle Welsh section mutation",
  "path": [
    "geir"
  ],
  "section": "Middle Welsh",
  "subsection": "preposition",
  "title": "geir",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"geir" meaning in Middle Welsh

Noun

Preposition